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Showing posts with label Artificial Intelligence. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Artificial Intelligence. Show all posts

Thursday, September 9, 2010

Types of agent

>>>> Chapter one, Types of Artificial Agent <<<<

# Simple Reflex Agent:


The simple reflex agent has:

  1. Information comes from sensor 
  2. change the agent current state of the world 
  3. trigger action through the effectors 
Simply the simple reflex agent act only the basic of current percepts, that is which has no notion of history.

The main characteristics of this agent are:
  1. No internal representation for reasoning inference 
  2. Efficient
  3. No strategic planning
  4. Learning
# Reflex Agent with state (Model-based reflex agent)

This type of agent differ from simple reflex agent in that such agent maintain some sort of state based on the percept sequence. The state is updated regularly based on what the agent seems and the agent action keeping track of the state. The model based agent work as follow ;

  1. information comes from sensors
  2. the agent change the current state of the world
  3. based on this state of the world and knowledge it trigger action through the effectors.

# Goal based agent

Goal based agent are similar to simple reflex agent which stores the information regarding its situation that are desirable. This allows the agent a way to choose among multiple possibilities selecting the one which reaches a goal state.

# Utility based agent

The utility based agent provides a more general agent frameworks. In case that multiple goals, this framework can accommodate different goals. Such systems are characterized by utility function that maps a state or a sequence of states to real value utility.

#Additional Agents <<<

  1. learning agent
  2. deliberative agent
  3. reactive agent
  4. hybrid agent
  5. emailing agent



Hope guys, u will enjoy it !!

Good luck have a nice day!!

Artificial Agent

>>>> Chapter one, Artificial Agent <<<<

Artificial Agent

The word "agent" is derived from the concept of agency which means employing someone to act on behalf of the users. An agent is something that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators. An human agent has eyes, ears and other organs for sensors and body parts like hands, legs, mouth etc, for actuators, A software agent receives keystrokes, file contents and networking packets as sensory inputs and acts on the environment by displaying on the screen, writing files and sending network packets. Computer agent (or software agents) have several characteristics which distinguish them from every programs. They are:

  1. Capability to work on their own (autonomy)
  2. Perceiving their environment
  3. Persisting over a prolonged time period
  4. Adapting to change (adaptivity)
  5. Capable of taking on another's goal (goal oriented)
  6. Transportable over networks (mobility)
  7. Ability to interact with humans, systems and other agents (communicative)
  8. Ability to learn
In AI, we use the term "intelligent agent" which represent a new technology for software programs. AI is about the design and implementation of intelligent agents. Turing suggested that a system or agent can be said to be intelligent when the agent's performance cannto be distinguished from that of a human performing the same task.

A better definition of artificial agent is:

An intelligent agent is a software entity which senses its environment and then carries out some set of operations on behalf of a user (or a program), with some degree of autonomy, and in doing so employs some knowledge or representation of the user's goals or desires. 

In other words, AI are software programs which work in the background to carry out specific, repetitive, predictable task for an individual user, business processor software application. 


Structure of Agent


A simple agent program can be defined mathematically by an agent function which maps every possible percept sequences to a possible action to the agent. That is, 


f : p * ---------> A
So the agent program run on the physical architecture and that implement the agent function 'f'.

That is, agent = Architecture + Program.

For example: A Vacuum Cleaner:


Environment Percept Action
Square A and B [location, content]
[A, Clean]
[A, Dirty]
[B, Clean]
[B, Dirty]
...............


Right 
Suck
Left 
Suck
.................

The Pro log programming 


function RVF ([location, status]) return
 an action


if (status == dirty) then
 return suck


else if (location == A) then 
return right


else


return left

Wednesday, September 8, 2010

Artificial Intelligence

>>>Notes of Artificial Intelligence, available here, Go for it <<<



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